Read the passage and answer the following questions:

Mrs. Sharma is a mother of two children aged 7 and 9 years. Both of them are very notorious and do not listen to her instructions. With every passing day, it is becoming difficult for her to regulate their behaviour. She is not able to discipline them, which she considers an important part of a successful life. One day, she comes across an article in which it is mentioned that if a mother observes behavioural issues in her child, she can apply a technique to modify the undesirable behavior of the child. According to this technique, Mrs. Sharma can give coupons to her children whenever they exhibit desirable behaviours. The coupons could later be exchanged by them for some tangible things such as candy, toys etc. Surprisingly, this technique worked very effectively with her children. In another article she came to know about another technique to modify behavior in which undesirable behavior can be reduced, and desirable behavior can be increased simultaneously.

The technique applied by Mrs. Sharma to reinforce desirable behaviour of her children is known as:

Token economy

The correct answer is Option (3) → Token economy

A token economy is a behaviour modification system where individuals earn tokens (such as coupons, points, or stars) for exhibiting desirable behaviours. These tokens can later be exchanged for tangible rewards (like candy, toys, privileges).

In Mrs. Sharma’s case:

• Coupons are the tokens.

• Desirable behaviour (listening to instructions, behaving well) is reinforced by giving coupons.

• Rewards (candy, toys) are the backup reinforcers that the coupons can be traded for.