The phenomenon by which a female gamete develops into a new organism without fertilisation is called ⸻.

Parthenogenesis

The correct answer is Option (3) – Parthenogenesis

The most vital event of sexual reproduction is perhaps the fusion of gametes. This process called syngamy results in the formation of a diploid zygote. The term fertilisation is also often used for this process. The terms syngamy and fertilisation are frequently used though , interchangeably.

An organism can develop from the female gametes, without fertilisation. This process is called parthenogenesis. It is seen in certain organisms like rotifers, aphids and honey bees.

Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an egg can develop into an embryo without being fertilized by a sperm.