Match the following given in List I with those given in List II:

Choose the correct option from the options below:

A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i

The correct answer is option 1. A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i.

Let us delve into each component of the matching process in detail to understand why each substance is paired with its corresponding concept:

A. \(NH_3\) (ammonia)

Ammonia (\(NH_3\)) is known for its ability to donate a lone pair of electrons, which makes it a Lewis base. According to the Lewis definition, a base is any species that can donate an electron pair. Ammonia has a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, which it can donate to form a bond. Thus, \(NH_3\) fits as: ii. Lewis base.

B. \(CO_2\) (carbon dioxide)

Carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) can act as a Lewis acid. A Lewis acid is a species that can accept an electron pair. The carbon atom in \(CO_2\) has a partial positive charge due to the electronegativity of the oxygen atoms, making it capable of accepting electron pairs from Lewis bases. Thus, \(CO_2\) fits as: iii. Lewis acid.

C. \(HCO_3^-\) (bicarbonate)

The bicarbonate ion (\(HCO_3^-\)) can function both as a Bronsted-Lowry acid and base. It can act as an acid by donating a proton \((H^+)\), forming carbonate (\(CO_3^{2-}\)), or as a base by accepting a proton, forming carbonic acid (\(H_2CO_3\)). In the context of this matching exercise, it is best recognized as a Bronsted-Lowry acid when donating a proton. Thus, \(HCO_3^-\) fits as: iv. Bronsted acid.

D. \(NaCl\) (sodium chloride)

Sodium chloride (\(NaCl\)) is a classic example of a salt. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a salt is formed from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. Specifically, \(NaCl\) is formed from the reaction of hydrochloric acid \((HCl)\) and sodium hydroxide \((NaOH)\). Thus, \(NaCl\) fits as: i. Salt according to Bronsted-Lowry concept.

Summary of Matches:

1. A. \(NH_3\) → ii. Lewis base

2. B. \(CO_2\) → iii. Lewis acid

3. C. \(HCO_3^-\) → iv. Bronsted acid

4. D. \(NaCl\) → i. Salt according to Bronsted-Lowry concept

Conclusion: The correct option that matches the items from List I with those from List II is: 1. A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i.