Answer the question on the basis of the passage given below:

Oxides formed by \(p\)- block elements are acidic, basic and neutral. Also, elements of \(p\)-block from different acids.

Match List I with List II

Predict the nature of oxides.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

The correct answer is option 2. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III.

A. \(Pb_3O_4\): IV. Mixed:

\(Pb_3O_4\) is lead(II,IV) oxide, commonly known as red lead or minium. It is a mixed oxide of lead in which both lead(II) oxide (PbO) and lead(IV) oxide (PbO2) are present. In this compound, lead exists in both +2 and +4 oxidation states. It is commonly used in various applications such as in paints, batteries, and as a pigment.

B. \(N_2O\): I. Neutral:

\(N_2O\) is dinitrogen monoxide, commonly known as nitrous oxide or laughing gas. It consists of two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The molecule is neutral because the total charge of the atoms balances out. Each nitrogen atom contributes five valence electrons, and the oxygen atom contributes six valence electrons. Therefore, the total number of valence electrons is \(2 \times 5 + 6 = 16\) electrons. In the molecule, there are two covalent bonds, each consisting of a nitrogen-oxygen bond, which accounts for four of the valence electrons. The remaining 12 electrons form two lone pairs on the oxygen atom. This configuration results in a neutral molecule.

C. \(Mn_2O_7\): II. Acidic:

Manganese heptoxide (\(Mn_2O_7\)) is an oxide of manganese with a molecular formula of \(Mn_2O_7\). It contains two manganese atoms and seven oxygen atoms. This compound is a powerful oxidizing agent, meaning it has a strong tendency to accept electrons from other substances in chemical reactions.

When \(Mn_2O_7\) reacts with water (\(H_2O\)), it undergoes a reaction to form permanganic acid (\(HMnO_4\)):

\(Mn_2O_7 + H_2O \rightarrow 2 HMnO_4 \)

Permanganic acid is a strong acid, meaning it readily donates hydrogen ions (\(H^+\)) in solution. Therefore, when \(Mn_2O_7\) reacts with water, it forms an acidic solution due to the presence of permanganic acid. This acidity makes \(Mn_2O_7\) an acidic oxide.

D. \(Bi_2O_3\): III. Basic:

Bismuth(III) oxide (\(Bi_2O_3\)) is a chemical compound composed of two bismuth atoms and three oxygen atoms. When it interacts with water, it undergoes a process called hydrolysis, where water molecules split apart and react with the compound.

The hydrolysis reaction of \(Bi_2O_3\) with water can be represented as:

\(Bi_2O_3 + 3H_2O \rightarrow 2Bi(OH)_3 \)

In this reaction, the \(Bi_2O_3\) molecule reacts with three water molecules to form two molecules of bismuth hydroxide (\(Bi(OH)_3\)). Bismuth hydroxide is a base because it releases hydroxide ions (\(OH^-\)) into solution.

When \(Bi_2O_3\) is dissolved in water, the resulting solution contains hydroxide ions, which give the solution basic properties. Therefore, \(Bi_2O_3\) is classified as a basic oxide because it produces basic solutions when it reacts with water.