The carbohydrate metabolism and modulation of inflammatory reactions are controlled by which hormone?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Glucocorticoids
Hormones are molecules made by endocrine glands that act as chemical messengers in the body. Some are steroids, some are polypeptides and some are amino acid derivatives. The cortex of the adrenal gland makes two groups of steroid hormones:
Glucocorticoids (such as cortisol) control carbohydrate metabolism, modulate inflammatory reactions and take part in the response to stress.
Mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone) control the level of excretion of water and salts by the kidney.
So the hormone that controls carbohydrate metabolism and modulates inflammation is the glucocorticoid group.
NCERT (2026-27 edition):
Hormones – “… Steroid hormones are produced by adrenal cortex and gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females). Hormones released by the adrenal cortex play very important role in the functions of the body. For example, glucocorticoids control the carbohydrate metabolism, modulate inflammatory reactions, and are involved in reactions to stress. The mineralocorticoids control the level of excretion of water and salt by the kidney.”