Which of the following statements are true with reference to homology or homologous organs?

(A) Homology indicates common ancestry.

(B) Whale and Cheetah share similarities in the pattern of the bones of the forelimbs.

(C) Vertebrate heart is an example of homologous organs.

(D) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of cucurbita represent homology.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (B), (C) and (D)

The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (B), (C) and (D)

Homology is based on divergent evolution .Homology indicates common ancestry. They perform different functions but  have similar anatomical structure –examples are vertebrate hearts or brains. In plants also, the thorn and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita represent homology. Whales, bats, Cheetah and human (all mammals) share similarities in the pattern of bones of forelimbs. Though these forelimbs perform different functions in these animals, they have similar anatomical structure – all of them have humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges in their forelimbs. Hence, in these animals, the same structure developed along different directions due to adaptations to different needs.