Read the passage carefully and answer the questions based on it.

If capitalism became the dominant economic system, nation states became the dominant political form. Societies however are not always organised along the lines of nation-states. Nation state pertains to a particular type of state, characteristic of the modern world. A government has sovereign power within a defined territorial area and the people are citizens of a single nation. Nation-state are closely associated with the rise of nationalism. The principle of nationalism assumes that any set of people have a right to be free and exercise sovereign power. It is an important part of the rise of democratic ideas. Nationalism implied that the people of India have an equal right to be sovereign. Indian nationalist during the colonial rule declared 'Swaraj' as their birth-right and fought for both political and economic freedom.

Nationalism does not imply:

social exclusion of citizens

The correct answer is Option (3) → social exclusion of citizens

Nationalism is primarily concerned with asserting the collective identity and rights of a particular nation or group of people. It emphasizes the idea that people within a nation share common values, culture, and history, and thus have the right to self-determination and sovereignty. Social exclusion of citizens would contradict the principles of nationalism, as it promotes inclusivity and unity among citizens of a nation.