Read the given case-study carefully and answer the question that follow.
According to Lazarus and his colleagues, people have a tendency to appraise any situation as positive, negative or neutral. When Vikram lost his job as event manager, he perceived the situation as negative but he didn't lose heart and decided to start a food joint as he was handling similar projects in the past. Whereas Vikas who also lost his job as a marketing manager, started feeling helpless and hopeless and consumed alcohol regularly. He started coming up with excuses for not doing anything. He could not even think of starting his own venture as he had no money to invest. He would often become very angry or would start crying bitterly.
Match List - I with List - II.
| List - I | List - II | ||
| (A) | Emotional effect of stress | (I) | Production of adrenaline and cortisol hormones |
| (B) | Physiological effect of stress | (II) | Poor concentration, reduced short term memory capacity |
| (C) | Cognitive effect of stress | (III) | Mood swings |
| (D) | Behavioural effect of stress | (IV) | Increased consumption of alcohol |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
(A) Emotional effect of stress — this matches (III) Mood swings. Those who suffer from stress are far more likely to experience mood swings and show erratic behaviour; anxiety and depression are other emotional effects.
(B) Physiological effect of stress — this matches (I) Production of adrenaline and cortisol hormones. Under stress the body increases the production of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which change the heart rate, blood pressure and metabolism.
(C) Cognitive effect of stress — this matches (II) Poor concentration, reduced short term memory capacity. Continued pressure causes mental overload, and the person loses the ability to think and decide well.
(D) Behavioural effect of stress — this matches (IV) Increased consumption of alcohol. Stress shows in behaviour such as excessive use of cigarettes, alcohol and other drugs, poor eating and disrupted sleep; Vikas in the case study took to drinking regularly.
NCERT (2025-26): “Effects of Stress on Psychological Functioning and Health … Emotional Effects : Those who suffer from stress are far more likely to experience mood swings, and show erratic behaviour that may alienate them from family and friends. In some cases this can start a vicious circle of decreasing confidence, leading to more serious emotional problems. Some examples are feelings of anxiety and depression, increased physical tension, increased psychological tension and mood swings. Box 3.2 presents the phenomenon of ‘Examination Anxiety’. Physiological Effects : When the human body is placed under physical or psychological stress, it increases the production of certain hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones produce marked changes in heart rate, blood pressure levels, metabolism and physical activity. Although, this physical reaction will help us to function more effectively when we are under pressure for short periods of time, it can be extremely damaging to the body in the long-term effects. Examples of physiological effects are release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, slowing down of the digestive system, expansion of air passages in the lungs, increased heart rate, and constriction of blood vessels. Cognitive Effects : If pressures due to stress continue, one may suffer from mental overload. This suffering from high level of stress can rapidly cause individuals to lose their ability to make sound decisions. Faulty decisions made at home, in career, or at workplace may lead to arguments, failure, financial loss or even loss of job. Cognitive effects of stress are poor concentration, and reduced short-term memory capacity. Behavioural Effects : Stress affects our behaviour in the form of eating less nutritional food, increasing intake of stimulants such as caffeine, excessive consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and other drugs such as tranquillisers etc.…” |