Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I (Idea in controlling) | List-II (Reason behind it) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | Management by exception | (I) | It is neither economical nor easy to keep a check on each and every activity. |
| (B) | Critical point control | (II) | Comparison of actual performance with the standards becomes easier. |
| (C) | Sample checking | (III) | An attempt to control everything results in controlling nothing. |
| (D) | Setting standards in quantitative terms | (IV) | In a large organisation, it might not be possible to inspect each piece produced. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
| List-I | List-II | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| (A) Management by exception | (III) An attempt to control everything results in controlling nothing. | Because trying to control everything fails, only significant deviations beyond the permissible limit go to management. |
| (B) Critical point control | (I) It is neither economical nor easy to keep a check on each and every activity. | Since every activity cannot be checked, control focuses on the key result areas critical to success. |
| (C) Sample checking | (IV) In a large organisation, it might not be possible to inspect each piece produced. | So in large organisations certain pieces are checked at random for quality. |
| (D) Setting standards in quantitative terms | (II) Comparison of actual performance with the standards becomes easier. | A standard in precise numbers can be set against actual results directly, so comparison is easy. |
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Step 1: Setting Performance Standards: … At the time of setting standards, a manager should try to set standards in precise quantitative terms as this would make their comparison with actual performance much easier. For instance, reduction of defects from 10 in every 1,000 pieces produced to 5 in every 1,000 pieces produced by the end of the quarter. …” “Step 2: Measurement of Actual Performance: … In small organisations, each piece produced may be checked to ensure that it conforms to quality specifications laid down for the product. However, this might not be possible in a large organisation. Thus, in large organisations, certain pieces are checked at random for quality. This is known as sample checking.” “1. Critical Point Control: It is neither economical nor easy to keep a check on each and every activity in an organisation. Control should, therefore, focus on key result areas (KRAs) which are critical to the success of an organisation. …” “2. Management by Exception: Management by exception, which is often referred to as control by exception, is an important principle of management control based on the belief that an attempt to control everything results in controlling nothing. Thus, only significant deviations which go beyond the permissible limit should be brought to the notice of management. …” |