Which one of the following is not an example of adaptive radiation ?

The correct answer is Option (3) -Moths in England

Adaptive radiation is the evolutionary diversification of many related species from a common ancestral species in a relatively short period. Osborne (1902) coined the term “Adaptive Radiation”. He stated that each large and isolated region, with sufficiently varied topography, soil, vegetation, climate, will lead to organisms with diverse characteristics. The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography (habitats) is called adaptive radiation. Marsupials and placental mammals of Australia, Darwin's finches exhibit adaptive radiation.

Appearance of melanised moths post-industrialisation in England is a classic example of evolution by natural selection.