Single-step large mutation leading to speciation is also called :

Saltation

The correct answer is Option (2)- Saltation

A.Genetic drift can have major effects when a population is sharply reduced in size by a natural disaster (bottleneck effect) or when a small group splits off from the main population to found a colony (founder effect).

B.Mutations are random and directionless while Darwinian variations are small and directional. Evolution for Darwin was gradual while deVries believed mutation caused speciation and hence called it saltation (single step large mutation)

C.Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwinian Theory of Evolution.Branching descent refers to the process of evolving a new species from a single common ancestor. As new species emerged, they became regionally adapted to their new surroundings. Darwin's finches are an excellent example of how competitive rivalry can lead to progression via evolutionary change.

D.Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution. Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success. This process causes species to change and diverge over time.