.........................can be understood as the process of guiding the efforts of employees and other resources to accomplish the desired objectives by overseeing what is being done by subordinates.

Supervision

The correct answer is option 1- Supervision.

Supervision can be understood as the process of guiding the efforts of employees and other resources to accomplish the desired objectives by overseeing what is being done by subordinates.

Supervision being an element of directing, every manager in the organisation supervises his/her subordinates. In this sense, supervision can be understood as the process of guiding the efforts of employees and other resources to accomplish the desired objectives. It means overseeing what is being done by subordinates and giving instructions to ensure optimum utilisation of resources and achievement of work targets.