Consider the following statements about the characteristics of management:
(A) Management is a goal-oriented process, as it unites the efforts of different individuals towards achieving the goals of the organisation.
(B) Management is all pervasive, as how managers do their work in India, the USA, Germany or Japan is the same.
(C) The functions of management are performed simultaneously by all managers all the time, which shows that management is a continuous process.
(D) Management is an intangible force, as its presence can be seen in the way the organisation functions.
(E) Management is a group activity, as it requires team work and coordination of individual effort in a common direction.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Three
(A) Management is a goal-oriented process, as it unites the efforts of different individuals towards achieving the goals of the organisation. — Correct. Every organisation exists for its goals, and management unites individual efforts towards them.
(B) Management is all pervasive, as how managers do their work in India, the USA, Germany or Japan is the same. — Incorrect. Management is all pervasive because what managers do is the same everywhere. How they do it differs with culture, tradition and history.
(C) The functions of management are performed simultaneously by all managers all the time, which shows that management is a continuous process. — Correct. The functions go on side by side as an ongoing series, so management never stops.
(D) Management is an intangible force, as its presence can be seen in the way the organisation functions. — Incorrect. Management cannot be seen. Only its presence can be felt in the way the organisation functions.
(E) Management is a group activity, as it requires team work and coordination of individual effort in a common direction. — Correct. Members with different needs work for one common goal, and this needs team work and coordination.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “(i) Management is a goal-oriented process: An organisation has a set of basic goals which are the basic reason for its existence. These should be simple and clearly stated. Different organisations have different goals. For example, the goal of a retail store may be to increase sales, but the goal of The Spastics Society of India is to impart education to children with special needs. Management unites the efforts of different individuals in the organisation towards achieving these goals.” “(ii) Management is all pervasive: The activities involved in managing an enterprise are common to all organisations whether economic, social or political. A petrol pump needs to be managed as much as a hospital or a school. What managers do in India, the USA, Germany or Japan is the same. How they do it may be quite different. This difference is due to the differences in culture, tradition and history.”
“(v) Management is a group activity: An organisation is a collection of diverse individuals with different needs. Every member of the group has a different purpose for joining the organisation but as members of the organisation they work towards fulfilling the common organisational goal. This requires team work and coordination of individual effort in a common direction. At the same time management should enable all its members to grow and develop as needs and opportunities change.” “(vii) Management is an intangible force: Management is an intangible force that cannot be seen but its presence can be felt in the way the organisation functions. The effect of management is noticeable in an organisation where targets are met according to plans, employees are happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness instead of chaos.” |
