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Foreign policy is always dictated by ideas of national interest. In the period after 1990, Russia, though it continues to be an important friend of India, has lost its global pre-eminence. Therefore, India’s foreign policy has shifted to a more pro-US strategy. Besides, the contemporary international situation is more influenced by economic interests than by military interests. This has also made an impact on India’s foreign policy choices. At the same time, Indo-Pakistan relations have witnessed many new developments during this period. While Kashmir continues to be the main issue between the two countries, there have been many efforts to restore normal relations. This means that cultural exchanges, movement of citizens and economic cooperation would be encouraged by both countries.

The confrontation between India and Pakistan in 1999 is known as what?

The Kargil conflict

The correct answer is Option 1 - The Kargil conflict

The confrontation between India and Pakistan in 1999 is known as the Kargil conflict.

In the early part of 1999 several points on the Indian side of the LoC in the Mashkoh, Dras, Kaksar, and Batalik areas were occupied by forces claiming to be Mujahideens. Suspecting the involvement of the Pakistan Army, Indian forces started reacting to this occupation. This led to a confrontation between the two countries. This is known as the Kargil conflict.