Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)

The correct answer is option 3. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I).

Let us break down each process and its corresponding metal:

A. Electrolytic reduction: This process involves the use of electricity to extract highly reactive metals from their ores. Aluminum is commonly extracted by this method. In the Hall-Héroult process, alumina \((Al_2O_3)\) is dissolved in molten cryolite \((Na_3AlF_6)\) and subjected to electrolysis, resulting in the production of aluminum metal at the cathode.

B. Bessemerization: Named after its inventor Sir Henry Bessemer, bessemerization is a method used to convert pig iron (impure form of iron obtained from blast furnaces) into steel. This process involves blowing air through the molten pig iron to oxidize impurities like carbon, silicon, and manganese. It's a crucial step in steelmaking and is commonly associated with the production of iron and steel.

C. Smelting: Smelting is a general term for the extraction of metals from their ores by heating in the presence of a reducing agent. One of the metals commonly extracted by smelting is zinc. Zinc ores are roasted in the presence of coke (carbon) to produce zinc oxide, which is then reduced to zinc vapor using carbon at high temperatures in a process called distillation.

D. Reduction from oxide: This process involves reducing metal oxides to obtain the pure metal. Copper is often extracted from its oxide ores by reduction. For example, copper oxide (\(Cu_2O\) or \(CuO\)) can be reduced to copper metal by heating it with carbon or carbon monoxide, which acts as a reducing agent.

So, in summary:

Electrolytic reduction is associated with the extraction of aluminum (III).

Bessemerization is associated with the production of iron (I).

Smelting is associated with the extraction of zinc (II).

Reduction from oxide is associated with the extraction of copper (IV).

Therefore, the correct match is option 3: (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I).