Consider the following statements about assisted reproductive technologies (ART):
A. In IVF, fertilisation takes place outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body.
B. In GIFT, an ovum collected from a donor is transferred into the uterus of another female who cannot produce one but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation.
C. In ICSI, a sperm is directly injected into the ovum to form an embryo in the laboratory.
D. Artificial insemination (AI) is used to correct infertility caused by the inability of the female partner to produce ova.
Choose the incorrect statements from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → B and D only
A. In IVF, fertilisation takes place outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body. — A correct statement. IVF stands for in vitro fertilisation. Ova and sperms are collected and allowed to fuse in the laboratory, and the embryo is then transferred into the female. This is the test tube baby programme.
B. In GIFT, an ovum collected from a donor is transferred into the uterus of another female who cannot produce one but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation. — An incorrect statement. GIFT stands for gamete intra fallopian transfer. As the name says, the donor ovum is placed in the fallopian tube, not in the uterus. Fertilisation then takes place inside the female’s own body.
C. In ICSI, a sperm is directly injected into the ovum to form an embryo in the laboratory. — A correct statement. ICSI stands for intra cytoplasmic sperm injection. It is a specialised laboratory procedure in which one sperm is injected straight into the ovum.
D. Artificial insemination (AI) is used to correct infertility caused by the inability of the female partner to produce ova. — An incorrect statement. AI corrects a problem on the male side: the male partner cannot inseminate the female, or his sperm count is very low. Semen from the husband or a healthy donor is put into the vagina or the uterus. AI only supplies sperms, so it cannot help a female who produces no ova.
NCERT Extract:
Infertility – “… In vitro fertilisation (IVF–fertilisation outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body) followed by embryo transfer (ET) is one of such methods.”
Infertility – “… Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube (GIFT – gamete intra fallopian transfer) of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development is another method attempted. Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is another specialised procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum. Infertility cases either due to inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculates, could be corrected by artificial insemination (AI) technique.”