Which of the following are examples of social exclusion?
A. To assume that women should do more household work.
B. Groups who are traditionally treated as bonded labour.
C. Lack of ramp facility in public spaces.
D. Lack of access to job because of gender identity.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → B, C and D only
A. To assume that women should do more household work. Incorrect. This is a prejudice or stereotype, a fixed opinion about a group. It is unfair, but an assumption alone does not cut anyone off from opportunities open to others; social exclusion is about being kept out.
B. Groups who are traditionally treated as bonded labour. Correct. Bonded labourers are tied to work for a master and cannot freely take other jobs or move. They are cut off from full involvement in the wider society and its opportunities.
C. Lack of ramp facility in public spaces. Correct. A building with only staircases keeps out people in wheelchairs. Social exclusion focuses on the factors that prevent individuals or groups from having opportunities open to the majority, and a missing ramp is such a factor.
D. Lack of access to job because of gender identity. Correct. Being refused work because of one’s gender identity shuts a person out of an opportunity open to others; it is systematic, coming from the structure of society, which is what social exclusion means.
NCERT (2025-26): “Social Exclusion Social exclusion refers to ways in which individuals may become cut off from full involvement in the wider society. It focuses attention on a broad range of factors that prevent individuals or groups from having opportunities open to the majority of the population. In order to live a full and active life, individuals must not only be able to feed, clothe and house themselves, but should also have access to essential goods and services such as education, health, transportation, insurance, social security, banking and even access to the police or judiciary. Social exclusion is not accidental but systematic – it is the result of structural features of society.…” |