A study of Fayol’s principles in service based and high tech economies concludes that, now, subordinates report to multiple bosses. To which principle does this conclusion relate?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Unity of command
Option (1) Scalar chain — Incorrect. Scalar chain was a hierarchical, formal channel of communication. Now it is a less formal, flatter structure. It is about channels of communication.
Option (2) Unity of command — Correct. Under Fayol, subordinates report to only one boss. The study of service based and high tech economies found that now subordinates report to multiple bosses.
Option (3) Authority and responsibility — Incorrect. Then, managers were empowered. Now, employees are empowered. It is about who holds power.
Option (4) Discipline — Incorrect. Then, discipline meant formal controls. Now it means informal, peer pressure controls. It is about the kind of controls.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition):
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