Which among the following sect believes that 'everything is predeterm…

The correct answer is Option (3) → Ajivikas

Option (1) Jainism — Incorrect. The most important idea in Jainism is that the entire world is animated: even stones, rocks and water have life. Non-injury (ahimsa) to all living beings is central to it, not the belief that everything is fixed in advance.

Option (2) Buddhism — Incorrect. Buddhist philosophy holds that the world is transient (anicca) and constantly changing, and that sorrow can be overcome by following the path of moderation. This is the opposite of a world where everything is predetermined.

Option (3) Ajivikas — Correct. Makkhali Gosala belonged to the tradition of the Ajivikas, who have often been described as fatalists: those who believe that everything is predetermined.

Option (4) Lokayatas — Incorrect. The Lokayatas are usually described as materialists: they held that a human being is made up of the four elements and that nothing survives after death.