Which gas was released in the Bhopal Gas tragedy? 

Methyl isocyanate 

The correct answer is option 4. Methyl isocyanate.

The Bhopal Gas Tragedy, also known as the Bhopal disaster, occurred on the night of December 2-3, 1984, in the city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. The tragedy was the result of a gas leak from the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant.

The gas released during the Bhopal Gas Tragedy was Methyl Isocyanate (MIC). Here's an explanation of the key details:

1. Cause of the Tragedy:

The disaster was caused by the accidental release of a toxic gas, primarily methyl isocyanate (MIC), from a storage tank at the Union Carbide pesticide plant. The plant was engaged in the production of pesticides, including the insecticide Sevin (carbaryl).

2. Chemical Properties of MIC:

Methyl isocyanate (CH₃NCO) is a highly toxic and reactive chemical. Exposure to MIC can cause severe respiratory and systemic effects, including irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, respiratory distress, and other health issues.

3. Immediate Impact:

The gas leak resulted in the immediate death of thousands of people and caused injuries to many more. The effects of MIC exposure led to a range of health problems, and the incident became one of the worst industrial disasters in history.

4. Long-Term Consequences:

The Bhopal Gas Tragedy had long-term consequences for the affected population, including chronic health issues, birth defects, and environmental contamination. The effects of the disaster continue to impact the survivors and their descendants.

5. Investigation and Legal Proceedings:

The incident led to legal battles and investigations to determine responsibility and accountability. Union Carbide Corporation, the parent company based in the United States, faced legal actions and financial settlements.

6. Lessons Learned:

The Bhopal Gas Tragedy highlighted the need for stringent safety measures, emergency response protocols, and corporate responsibility in the chemical industry. It contributed to increased awareness of industrial safety and the potential hazards associated with the production and handling of toxic chemicals.

The Bhopal Gas Tragedy remains a tragic reminder of the devastating consequences of industrial accidents and the importance of prioritizing safety in chemical manufacturing processes. It had a profound impact on global discussions surrounding environmental and industrial safety regulations.