Human adapted to the dictates of nature, because the level of technology was very low and the stage of human social development was also primitive. This type of interaction between human and nature was termed as ______.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Environmental determinism
Human geography studies how people and nature act on each other. How much nature controls people depends on the level of technology.
Option (1) Environmental determinism — Correct. In the early stages, technology was very low, so people adapted to the dictates of nature. This naturalised human listened to nature, feared its fury and worshipped it.
Option (2) Neo-determinism — Incorrect. Griffith Taylor’s middle path between determinism and possibilism, also called stop and go determinism. People can develop, but only within the limits nature sets.
Option (3) Humanisation of Nature — Incorrect. This is the later stage, when people with better technology change nature and leave their imprints on it.
Option (4) Possibilism — Incorrect. With better technology, people move from necessity to freedom and create possibilities with the resources of the environment.
NCERT (2026-27): “Naturalisation of Humans and Humanisation of Nature … Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. … In the early stages of their interaction with their natural environment humans were greatly influenced by it. They adapted to the dictates of Nature. This is so because the level of technology was very low and the stage of human social development was also primitive. This type of interaction between primitive human society and strong forces of nature was termed as environmental determinism.” |