The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage of time. With social and cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology. They move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom. They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment. The human activities create cultural landscape. The imprints of human activities are created everywhere; health resorts on highlands, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling hills, ports on the coasts, oceanic routes on the oceanic surface and satellites in the space. The earlier scholars termed this as possibilism. Nature provides opportunities and human being make use of these and slowly nature gets humanised and starts bearing the imprints of human endeavour.

Solar lights, air coolers, refrigerators etc shows which of the following phenomena ? 

Possibilism

The correct answer is Option 2: Possibilism

The use of solar lights, air coolers, refrigerators, etc. shows how humans use science and technology to overcome or adapt to environmental conditions according to their needs. This reflects the idea of possibilism, where nature provides opportunities and humans modify their environment using technology and innovation.