Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I | List-II |
| A. Brood parasitism | I. The Abingdon tortoise became extinct after goats were introduced on the island |
| B. Commensalism | II. The eggs of the parasitic bird resemble the host’s eggs in size and colour |
| C. Competition | III. A cactus-feeding moth brought the prickly pear cactus under control in Australia |
| D. Predation | IV. The sea anemone does not appear to derive any benefit by hosting the clown fish |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Each interaction in List-I is matched with the example the book gives for it.
(A) Brood parasitism — this matches (II) The eggs of the parasitic bird resemble the host’s eggs in size and colour. The parasitic bird lays its eggs in the host’s nest, and the look-alike eggs keep the host from throwing them out.
(B) Commensalism — this matches (IV) The sea anemone does not appear to derive any benefit by hosting the clown fish. The fish gets protection among the stinging tentacles, and the anemone is neither benefited nor harmed.
(C) Competition — this matches (I) The Abingdon tortoise became extinct after goats were introduced on the island. The goats were better at browsing and won the competition for food.
(D) Predation — this matches (III) A cactus-feeding moth brought the prickly pear cactus under control in Australia. For a plant, the animal feeding on it is its predator; the moth from the cactus’s natural habitat brought the invasive cactus under control.
So the correct match is A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III.
NCERT Extract:
Population Interactions – “… Finally, the invasive cactus was brought under control only after a cactus-feeding predator (a moth) from its natural habitat was introduced into the country.”
Population Interactions – “… The Abingdon tortoise in Galapagos Islands became extinct within a decade after goats were introduced on the island, apparently due to the greater browsing efficiency of the goats.”
Population Interactions – “… During the course of evolution, the eggs of the parasitic bird have evolved to resemble the host’s egg in size and colour …”
Population Interactions – “… The fish gets protection from predators which stay away from the stinging tentacles. The anemone does not appear to derive any benefit by hosting the clown fish.”