Which of the following challenges are required to be addressed from the perspective of "Rural development" in India?

• Technological development to make capital intensive production.
• Land reforms for increasing agricultural productivity.
• Development of infrastructure for proper transportation facilities, electricity etc.

2 and 3

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS OPTION 2: 2 and 3

• Technological development to make capital intensive production. This is NOT correct. Development of human resource (and not technological development) is important for rural areas as more labour intensive techniques would give employment opportunities to people living in rural area.
• Land reforms for increasing agricultural productivity. This is correct. A significant portion of rural India relies on agriculture. Land fragmentation and lack of ownership rights can hinder productivity. Land reforms can help consolidate holdings and incentivize investment in farming techniques.
• Development of infrastructure for proper transportation facilities, electricity etc. This is correct. Poor infrastructure makes it difficult for farmers to get their produce to markets and access essential services. This lack of infrastructure limits economic opportunities and hinders development.