Which of the following arguments expresses the anxiety about the poss…

The correct answer is Option (2) → Local elites and upper castes were so well entrenched in society that local self-government would lead to continuing exploitation of the downtrodden.

Option (1) Grassroot democracy will enhance participation of marginalized groups. — Incorrect. This is the hope behind Panchayati Raj, not an anxiety about its failure. The Gram Sabhas were meant to be an open forum that brings the weaker sections into decision-making.

Option (2) Local elites and upper castes were so well entrenched in society that local self-government would lead to continuing exploitation of the downtrodden. — Correct. This was Dr. Ambedkar’s argument when the Constitution was being drafted. Drawing on his own rural experience, he feared that power at the village level would fall into the hands of the local elites and upper castes, who would silence the downtrodden further. Local self-government would then only continue their exploitation.

Option (3) Elected functionaries would help democratize institutions. — Incorrect. This too is an argument in favour of Panchayati Raj: elected members at the grassroots were expected to make local institutions more democratic.

Option (4) Better management of local resources. — Incorrect. Local bodies are expected to know and manage local needs and resources better, so this is a benefit claimed for local self-government, not a fear about its failure.