Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

Modernity spelled not merely new ideas but also rethinking and reinterpretation of tradition. Both culture and traditions are living entities. People learn them and in turn modify them. India's structural and cultural diversity is self-evident. This diversity shapes the different ways that modernisation or westernisation, sanskritisation or secularisation effects or does not effect different groups of people. It is up to you to explore and identify the complex ways modernisation impacts people in different parts of the country or impacts different classes and castes in the same region. And even women and men from the same class or community.

Which among these is NOT associated with sanskritisation?

'Reference group' in sanskritisation is usually inferior.

The correct answer is Option (3) → 'Reference group' in sanskritisation is usually inferior.

Sanskritisation is a process where lower castes or tribes adopt the customs, rituals, and practices of higher castes to improve their social status. This process is often associated with the notion of purity and pollution, as it involves emulating the practices of higher castes considered more 'pure'. It is a cultural process aimed at social mobility. The 'reference group' in Sanskritisation is typically a higher caste or a dominant group that lower castes aspire to emulate.

Therefore, the statement "Reference group in Sanskritisation is usually inferior" is NOT associated with Sanskritisation.