The suitable adverb to fill in the blank is: without.
Here's why:
- Apart from implies the existence of other ways, which is not the intended meaning.
- Unless expresses a condition for success, making it less suitable than "without" which directly indicates the absence of an essential element.
- Hence implies a consequence or conclusion, which doesn't fit the context of the sentence.
- Without clearly and directly conveys the absence of thorough practice as the reason for not succeeding in exams.
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