Identify the wrong pair from the following -

The correct answer is Option (4) → FOAM Farmers of Arcata Marsh

Option (1) Jhum cultivation - Slash and burn agriculture — Correct pair. In jhum cultivation farmers cut and burn the forest, farm the land for some years, then move to another patch (slash and burn).

Option (2) Joint forest Management - Protecting forests along with local communities — Correct pair. Joint Forest Management (JFM) was started by the Government of India so that local communities work with the forest department to protect and manage forests.

Option (3) Biomagnification - Increase in concentration of toxicants in successive trophic levels — Correct pair. Biomagnification is the rise in the concentration of a toxicant (such as DDT) at successive trophic levels, because it cannot be broken down or excreted.

Option (4) FOAM Farmers of Arcata Marsh — Wrong pair. FOAM is Friends of the Arcata Marsh, a citizens’ group that looks after the Arcata waste-water marshes in California. It is not a group of farmers.

Note: This question is from Chapter 16, Environmental Issues, of the pre-rationalised NCERT book. This chapter is not in the present NCERT book (2026-27). The extract below is from the pre-rationalised edition.

NCERT Extract (Pre-rationalised edition, Chapter 16, Environmental Issues):
A Case Study of Integrated Waste Water Treatment – “… The marshes also constitute a sanctuary, with a high level of biodiversity in the form of fishes, animals and birds that now reside there. A citizens group called Friends of the Arcata Marsh (FOAM) are responsible for the upkeep and safeguarding of this wonderful project.”