Read the article given below and answer the following questions:

Know various poverty alleviation schemes launched by the Government of India

Let’s know some of the schemes launched for the upliftment of the poor- Ayushman Bharat: World’s largest free healthcare scheme Ayushman Bharat is a flagship scheme of the Government of India, which was launched to achieve the vision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This initiative has been designed to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its commitment, which is to “leave no one behind.” It provides a cover of up to Rs 5 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization. Over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families (about 53 crore beneficiaries) are eligible for these benefits. The scheme provides cashless and paperless access to services for the beneficiaries at the point of service. About Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana -Gramin Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin was launched to address the housing gaps existing in rural areas.

The houses built under the PMAYG scheme are low-cost and disaster-resilient. The Government also provides financial assistance to those who are homeless or living in kaccha houses. So far, 1.26 crore houses have already been built across the country under the scheme. Ujjwala scheme and Saubhagya scheme Ujjwala scheme aims to benefit 5 crore families, especially the women living below the poverty line. By providing free gas connections and electricity connections under the Saubhagya scheme, to crores of poor, now their dependence on wood has been greatly reduced. Apart from reducing pollution, it has also helped a lot in improving health and strengthening environmental protection.

A new (International monetary fund) IMF paper released on Tuesday, titled ‘Pandemic, Poverty, and Inequality: Evidence from India’ says that ‘extreme poverty was maintained below 1% in 2020 due to Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana (PMGKY). Also, the central government claims that schemes such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) “acted as a boon for the populace” in the pandemic years, when cities saw a reverse migration because of the lockdown. However, the Ministry of Rural Development’s (MoRD) Sixth Common Review Mission, which examines rural development schemes in seven States—Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Nagaland—and the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, admits that their benefits did not reach significant pockets of the country.

Which of the following mentioned statements clearly explains the concept of "Absolute poverty"?

Poverty in terms of basic minimum calorie requirement

The per capita consumption expenditure level which meets the average per capita daily requirement of 2,400 calories in rural areas and 2,100 calories in urban areas, along with a minimum of non-food expenditure, is called poverty line or absolute poverty.