Match the explanation in List I with the concept in List II
| LIST-I (Explanation) | LIST-II (Concept) | ||
| A. | Number of live births per 1000 women in the age group 15-49 years | I. | Maternal mortality rate |
| B. | Total number of live births that a hypothetical woman would have | II. | Infant mortality rate |
| C. | Number of deaths of babies before the age of 1 year per 1000 live births | III. | Total fertility rate |
| D. | Number of women who die in child birth per 1,00,000 live births | IV. | Fertility rate |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(A) Number of live births per 1000 women in the age group 15-49 years — this matches (IV) Fertility rate. It counts live births per 1000 women of child-bearing age, usually taken to be 15 to 49 years. It is a ‘crude’ rate, a rough average that does not show differences across age groups.
(B) Total number of live births that a hypothetical woman would have — this matches (III) Total fertility rate. It is the number of children an imagined woman would have if she lived through the whole reproductive age group and had the average number of babies in each segment of it. A total fertility rate of 1.7, for instance, means that the average woman has only 1.7 children.
(C) Number of deaths of babies before the age of 1 year per 1000 live births — this matches (II) Infant mortality rate. It measures how many babies die before their first birthday for every 1000 born alive.
(D) Number of women who die in child birth per 1,00,000 live births — this matches (I) Maternal mortality rate. It counts the mothers who die in childbirth. High rates of infant and maternal mortality are an unambiguous indicator of backwardness and poverty.
Note: The sentence that defines the total fertility rate (the live births a hypothetical woman would have through the reproductive age group), in the section on the concepts of demography of the chapter ‘The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society’, was there in the pre-rationalised NCERT, which NTA followed in 2023. This definition has been deleted from the NCERT book (2025-26), though the chapter is still there and still uses the total fertility rate of the States.
NCERT (2025-26): “2.1 Some Theories and Concepts in Demography … The fertility rate refers to the number of live births per 1000 women in the child-bearing age group, usually taken to be 15 to 49 years. But like the other rates discussed on the previous page (the birth and death rates) this is a ‘crude’ rate – it is a rough average for an entire population and does not take into account the differences across agegroups. Differences across age groups can sometimes be very significant in affecting the meaning of indicators. That is why demographers also calculate age-specific rates.” “The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of babies before the age of one year per 1000 live births. Likewise, the maternal mortality rate is the number of women who die in childbirth per 1,00,000 live births.…” NCERT (Pre-rationalised): “2.1 Some Theories and Concepts in Demography … The total fertility rate refers to the total number of live births that a hypothetical woman would have if she lived through the reproductive age group and had the average number of babies in each segment of this age group as determined by the age-specific fertility rates for that area.…” |