A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 3 Ω is connected to an external resistor. If the current in the circuit is 0.6 A, the voltage across the external resistor will be

10.2 V

The correct answer is Option (1) → 10.2 V

Given:

EMF, $E = 12\,V$

Internal resistance, $r = 3\,\Omega$

Current, $I = 0.6\,A$

Voltage across external resistor, $V = E - Ir$

$V = 12 - (0.6)(3)$

$V = 12 - 1.8 = 10.2\,V$

Voltage across the external resistor = 10.2 V