Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:- Words have their limitations and those who write, or those who read, also have their limitations or their own frameworks to understand words. Many words start their journey with some meaning, but over the centuries they gather different nuances or acquire a totally different meaning. When the writer uses a specific word with some specific meaning in mind, it is not necessary that the reader will have exactly the same meaning in mind while reading. Thus, the communication, and the intent of the writer gets hampered. The problem increases manifold when we talk about essentially Indian concepts in English. Several Sanskrit words like Dharma, Yajna, Srishti, Jeevan Darshan, Ishvara, and Aatman are untranslatable in English, as of course, there are words in English like 'religion', 'secularism', 'exclusivism', 'theology', 'ideology', etc. which are untranslatable in Indian languages. These are not just words. They denote the characteristic thought process of that culture, which the people belonging to that culture can understand in that one word, but others outside that culture would need long explanation and yet may not grasp its meaning. Generally, people try to understand the word in the context of their cultural experience. Thus, 'religion' is understood as Dharma by many Indians, whereas it is not Dharma. Dharma is understood as 'religion' by West-oriented thinkers, Indians and non-Indians. Similarly, Secularism is understood as equal treatment of all religions in India, whereas that is not its meaning in Europe. The usage of terms and their inherent meanings is a big topic in itself. |
According to the given passage, Secularism is :- |
a term which originated in India. something that conveys the same thought and context across the globe. the term which has different meanings in the European and the Indian contexts. All Europeans are 'secular'. |
the term which has different meanings in the European and the Indian contexts. |
The correct answer is Option (3) → the term which has different meanings in the European and the Indian contexts. The passage discusses the problem of cultural concepts losing meaning in translation, specifically using the term "Secularism" as an example: The text states: "Secularism is understood as equal treatment of all religions in India, whereas that is not its meaning in Europe." This directly supports the conclusion that the term carries different meanings and connotations depending on the cultural context (India vs. Europe), which is the main point the author uses to illustrate the limitation of words. |