Choose the most appropriate passive construction of the given sentence:
The municipal workers will have repaired all the potholes on Station Road by the end of this month.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → All the potholes on Station Road will have been repaired by the municipal workers by the end of this month.
Passive of the future perfect:
| Change | Active | Passive | Why |
|---|---|---|---|
| Object becomes subject | all the potholes on Station Road | All the potholes on Station Road | The potholes receive the action, so they become the subject. |
| Tense kept | will have repaired | will have been repaired | “Will have repaired” is in the future perfect, so the passive stays in the future perfect: will have been + past participle (V3). |
| Agent (by ...) | The municipal workers | by the municipal workers | The municipal workers are named, so the doer comes after “by”. |
| Full sentence | The municipal workers will have repaired all the potholes on Station Road by the end of this month. | All the potholes on Station Road will have been repaired by the municipal workers by the end of this month. |
Other future perfect verbs work the same way: will have printed → will have been printed. Example: The press will have printed the new textbooks by April. → The new textbooks will have been printed by April.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect?
Option 1: All the potholes on Station Road will be repaired by the municipal workers by the end of this month. — Incorrect. “Will be repaired” is the simple future. “Have” is dropped, so the idea of the work being finished by the end of the month is lost.
Option 2: All the potholes on Station Road have been repaired by the municipal workers by the end of this month. — Incorrect. “Have been repaired” is the present perfect. “Will” is dropped, so the sentence no longer talks about the future.
Option 3: All the potholes on Station Road will have been repairing by the municipal workers by the end of this month. — Incorrect. “Repairing” is an active form. After “will have been”, the passive needs the V3 “repaired”.