During the time of partition, in the North Indian peasant societies, virility was believed to lie in the ability to protect which of the following?

Both options, 1 and 2

The correct answer is Option 3 - Both options, 1 and 2

Option 1- Land
Option 2- Women
Option 3- Both options, 1 and 2
Option 4- Neither 1 nor 2

Scholars have also shown how ideas of preserving community honour came into play in this period of extreme physical and psychological danger. This notion of honour drew upon a conception of masculinity defined as ownership of zan (women) and zamin (land), a notion of considerable antiquity in North Indian peasant societies. Virility, it was believed, lay in the ability to protect your possessions – zan and zamin – from being appropriated by outsiders. And quite frequently, conflict ensued over these two prime “possessions ”. Often enough, women internalised the same values.