Match List-I (Subject) with List-II (Al-Biruni's view).List-IList-II(…

Match List-I (Subject) with List-II (Al-Biruni's view).

List-I	List-II
(A) Social divisions	(I) Accepted by him
(B) Men within Islam	(II) Not unique to India
(C) The notion of pollution	(III) Contrary to the laws of nature
(D) The Brahmanical description of the caste system	(IV) Equal, differing only in their observance of piety

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Social divisions	(II) Not unique to India	He used the four Persian categories to show that social divisions were not unique to India.
(B) Men within Islam	(IV) Equal, differing only in their observance of piety	He pointed out that within Islam all men were considered equal, differing only in piety.
(C) The notion of pollution	(III) Contrary to the laws of nature	He held that social pollution, intrinsic to caste, was contrary to the laws of nature.
(D) The Brahmanical description of the caste system	(I) Accepted by him	He accepted the Brahmanical description of caste, even while he disapproved of pollution.

NCERT (2026-27): “4.2 Al-Biruni’s description of the caste system
Al-Biruni tried to explain the caste system by looking for parallels in other societies. He noted that in ancient Persia, four social categories were recognised: those of knights and princes; monks, fire-priests and lawyers; physicians, astronomers and other scientists; and finally, peasants and artisans. In other words, he attempted to suggest that social divisions were not unique to India. At the same time he pointed out that within Islam all men were considered equal, differing only in their observance of piety.”

“In spite of his acceptance of the Brahmanical description of the caste system, Al-Biruni disapproved of the notion of pollution. He remarked that everything which falls into a state of impurity strives and succeeds in regaining its original condition of purity. The sun cleanses the air, and the salt in the sea prevents the water from becoming polluted. If it”

“were not so, insisted Al-Biruni, life on earth would have been impossible. The conception of social pollution, intrinsic to the caste system, was according to him, contrary to the laws of nature.”

Match List-I (Subject) with List-II (Al-Biruni's view).

List-I	List-II
(A) Social divisions	(I) Accepted by him
(B) Men within Islam	(II) Not unique to India
(C) The notion of pollution	(III) Contrary to the laws of nature
(D) The Brahmanical description of the caste system	(IV) Equal, differing only in their observance of piety

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Social divisions	(II) Not unique to India	He used the four Persian categories to show that social divisions were not unique to India.
(B) Men within Islam	(IV) Equal, differing only in their observance of piety	He pointed out that within Islam all men were considered equal, differing only in piety.
(C) The notion of pollution	(III) Contrary to the laws of nature	He held that social pollution, intrinsic to caste, was contrary to the laws of nature.
(D) The Brahmanical description of the caste system	(I) Accepted by him	He accepted the Brahmanical description of caste, even while he disapproved of pollution.