Given below are some statements regarding population change:

Statement I: A population may grow even when deaths exceed births.

Statement II: Migration can alter population size without affecting natural increase.

Statement III: A positive natural increase guarantees an increase in total population.

Statement IV: Births, deaths and migration are all demographic processes that affect population change.

Statement I, II and IV only

The correct answer is Option 1: Statement I, II and IV only.

Population change depends on births, deaths and migration. Therefore, a population can increase despite a negative natural increase if net migration is sufficiently positive. However, a positive natural increase does not guarantee population growth because out-migration may exceed natural increase.

Statement I: A population may grow even when deaths exceed births. Correct. Positive net migration can offset a natural decrease.

Statement II: Migration can alter population size without affecting natural increase. Correct. Natural increase depends only on births and deaths.

Statement III: A positive natural increase guarantees an increase in total population. Incorrect. Heavy out-migration can still reduce total population.

Statement IV: Births, deaths and migration are all demographic processes that affect population change. Correct. These are the three fundamental demographic processes.