Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): Planning involves huge costs.
Reason (R): The formulation of plans takes up time and money; for example, checking the accuracy of facts may involve a lot of time.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Assertion (A): Planning involves huge costs. — True. It is a limitation of planning. Large costs arise when plans are drawn up.
Reason (R): The formulation of plans takes up time and money; for example, checking the accuracy of facts may involve a lot of time. — True. Making a plan needs facts, figures and checks, and each of these uses time and money.
Why R explains A?
R says that time and money are spent in forming a plan. Checking facts and making calculations take a lot of both. So the cost of planning becomes large, which is what A states.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “(iv) Planning involves huge costs: When plans are drawn up huge costs are involved in their formulation. These may be in terms of time and money for example, checking accuracy of facts may involve lot of time. Detailed plans require scientific calculations to ascertain facts and figures. The costs incurred sometimes may not justify the benefits derived from the plans. There are a number of incidental costs as well, like expenses on boardroom meetings, discussions with professional experts and preliminary investigations to find out the viability of the plan.” |