Which of the following is a primary function of management ?

Planning

The correct answer is option (3) : Planning.

The primary function of management is often considered to be "Planning." Planning involves setting organizational goals and objectives, identifying strategies to achieve them, and determining the resources and actions needed to execute those strategies. While organizing, directing, and controlling are also essential functions of management, planning is typically the starting point and foundation for effective management as it lays the groundwork for all other managerial functions.