What is the major source pollution in the river Ganga? 

Human sewage and animal waste 

The correct answer is option 3. Human sewage and animal waste.

The major source of pollution in the Ganges River (Ganga) is human sewage and animal waste. Here's an explanation:

1. Population Density:

The Ganges River flows through densely populated areas, and the discharge of untreated sewage and waste from human activities is a significant contributor to water pollution.

2. Untreated Sewage:

Many cities and towns along the Ganges River lack proper sewage treatment infrastructure. As a result, untreated sewage, including domestic wastewater from households and industries, is often discharged directly into the river.

3. Industrial Discharges:

Industrial effluents, including pollutants from various manufacturing processes, can also contribute to water pollution. Some industries release untreated or inadequately treated wastewater into the river, leading to the contamination of water quality.

4. Agricultural Runoff:

Agricultural runoff containing fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides can also contribute to water pollution. When these chemicals enter the river, they may affect water quality and aquatic ecosystems.

5. Animal Waste:

Livestock farming along the riverbanks can result in the discharge of animal waste into the river. This contributes to bacterial contamination and poses a threat to water quality.

6. Impact on Water Quality:

The discharge of untreated sewage and waste introduces pollutants such as pathogens, nutrients, organic matter, and chemicals into the river. This contamination can have detrimental effects on water quality, aquatic life, and human health.

7. Health Concerns:

The polluted water of the Ganges can pose serious health risks to communities that rely on the river for drinking water and other domestic uses. Waterborne diseases are a significant concern in areas where the water quality is compromised.

Efforts have been made to address pollution in the Ganges River, including various government initiatives and cleanup programs. However, the challenge remains complex due to the scale of pollution sources, inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure, and the need for sustainable practices to protect the river's ecosystem and the communities dependent on it.