Match List I with  List II

  Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

The correct answer is Option (1)-  A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Polygenic inheritance involves the influence of multiple genes on a single phenotypic trait. Polygenic inheritance is an inheritance pattern controlled by three or more genes (multiple genes) and the graded phenotypes are due to the additive or cumulative effect of all the different genes of the trait. An example of human skin colour to understand the phenomenon of polygenic inheritance.

The term pleiotropy is derived from the Greek words pleio, which means "many," and tropic, which means "affecting." Genes that affect multiple, apparently unrelated, phenotypes are thus called pleiotropic genes . Pleiotropy should not be confused with polygenic traits, in which multiple genes converge to result in a single phenotype.

Crossing over, or recombination is the exchange of chromosome segments between non-sister chromatids in meiosis. Crossing over creates new combinations of genes in the gametes that are not found in either parent, contributing to genetic diversity.

Morgan introduced the term "linkage" after conducting dihybrid cross experiments involving the fruit fly Drosophila. During these crosses, he noted that two genes did not always assort independently as described by Mendel's laws. His observations revealed that when two genes are located on the same chromosome, the occurrence of the parental combination is notably higher in the subsequent generation compared to the non-parental combination.