Match List-I with List-II
| List-I (Demographic Transition Stage) | List-II (Country) | ||
| (A) | Stage I | (I) | India (During 1951 to 1971) |
| (B) | Stage II (Early) | (II) | Rainforest tribe |
| (C) | Stage II (Late) | (III) | Japan |
| (D) | Stage III | (IV) | Kenya |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
(A) Stage I — this matches (II) Rainforest tribe. The first stage has high fertility and high mortality, and the diagram gives rainforest tribes as a present-day example.
(B) Stage II (Early) — this matches (I) India (During 1951 to 1971). At the start of the second stage fertility is still high while mortality falls. In India the decades 1951-1981 were the period of population explosion, caused by a rapid fall in the death rate but a high birth rate.
(C) Stage II (Late) — this matches (IV) Kenya. Kenya is placed towards the end of the second stage in the diagram, where fertility has begun to decline.
(D) Stage III — this matches (III) Japan. In the last stage both fertility and mortality are low; Japan is given with Canada and the USA.
Note: The diagram of demographic transition in the current NCERT book (2025-26) names rainforest tribes, Kenya and Japan, but India (1951 to 1971) is not named in it. The book describes India’s growth in 1951-1981 as a rapid fall in mortality with high fertility, which is the early second stage; so the match follows, and the answer is marked as per the NTA answer key.
NCERT (2025-26): “DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION … Fig. 2.2 explains the three-staged model of Demographic Transition Theory: The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap the net addition to population is high.…” “DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION … In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanised, literate and has high technical know- how and deliberately controls the family size.…” “Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition – Growth of Population: … Phase III : The decades 1951-1981 are referred to as the period of population explosion in India, which was caused by a rapid fall in the mortality rate but a high fertility rate of population in the country.…”
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