Under the point ‘moral justification’, a business must avoid certain…

Under the point ‘moral justification’, a business must avoid certain unfair trade practices. Match List-I (practice) with List-II (example).

List-I	List-II
(A) Adulteration	(I) A heater that gives an electric shock while in use
(B) Hoarding	(II) Mixing chalk powder with wheat flour
(C) False and misleading advertising	(III) Claiming that a soap kills all germs when it does not
(D) Defective and unsafe products	(IV) Storing large stocks of sugar to create scarcity and raise its price

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Adulteration	(II) Mixing chalk powder with wheat flour	Adulteration means adding inferior substances to the product being sold. Chalk powder is a cheap substance mixed into flour.
(B) Hoarding	(IV) Storing large stocks of sugar to create scarcity and raise its price	Hoarding means holding back stocks. It leads to scarcity of the product and a rise in its price.
(C) False and misleading advertising	(III) Claiming that a soap kills all germs when it does not	Such an advertisement falsely claims that a product is of superior quality. The soap does not do what the advertisement says.
(D) Defective and unsafe products	(I) A heater that gives an electric shock while in use	An unsafe product exposes the consumer to risks. A faulty heater can cause serious injury.

NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Importance of Consumer Protection … 1. Sale of adulterated goods such as adding inferior substances to the product being sold.”

“Importance of Consumer Protection … 6. Black marketing and hoarding that eventually leads to scarcity of the product and well as a rise in the price of the same.”

“Importance of Consumer Protection … 9. Advertisements that are misleading, i.e., advertisements that falsely claim a product or a service to be shown as superior quality, grade or standard when not in real.”

“(iv) Moral Justification: It is the moral duty of any business to take care of consumer’s interest and avoid any form of their exploitation. Thus, a business must avoid unscrupulous, exploitative and unfair trade practices like defective and unsafe products, adulteration, false and misleading advertising, hoarding, black marketing, etc.”