"Systematized body of knowledge" is a characteristic feature of:

The correct answer is Option (3) → Management as science

• Option (1) Management as profession — Incorrect. A profession is based on a well-defined body of knowledge, but its marks are restricted entry, a professional association, an ethical code and service motive.

• Option (2) Management as an art — Incorrect. The features of an art are theoretical knowledge, personalised application and practice with creativity.

• Option (3) Management as science — Correct. A science is a systematised body of knowledge that explains general truths through cause and effect. Management too has its own theory and principles, built up over time and drawn also from economics, sociology and psychology.

• Option (4) Management as multidimensional activity — Incorrect. This describes the three dimensions of management (work, people, operations). It is a characteristic of management, not of management as a science.