Who was the propounder of the given idea:
"A landowner should have a claim only to the 'average rent' that prevailed at a given time. When the land yielded more than this 'average rent', the landowner had a surplus that the state needed to tax'.

David Ricardo

The correct answer is Option 3 - David Ricardo

According to Ricardian ideas, a landowner should have a claim only to the “average rent” that prevailed at a given time. When the land yielded more than this “average rent”, the landowner had a surplus that the state needed to tax. If tax was not levied, cultivators were likely to turn into rentiers, and their surplus income was unlikely to be productively invested in the improvement of the land. Many British officials in India thought that the history of Bengal confirmed Ricardo’s theory. There the zamindars seemed to have turned into rentiers, leasing out land and living on the rental incomes. It was therefore necessary, the British officials now felt, to have a different system.