The issues against which the leaders of the Jharkhand movement agitated were:
A. acquisition of land for large irrigation projects and firing ranges
B. privatisation of forest produce, which they boycotted
C. survey and settlement operations, which were held up, camps closed down, etc
D. collection of loans, rent, and cooperative dues, which were resisted
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A, C, and D only
A. acquisition of land for large irrigation projects and firing ranges Correct. The adivasis of south Bihar saw large projects and firing ranges take away their land, often with little in return. This loss of land was one of the issues the leaders of the Jharkhand movement agitated against.
B. privatisation of forest produce, which they boycotted Incorrect. The issue was the nationalisation of forest produce, not its privatisation. When the state took control of forest produce, adivasis lost the free use of the forest they lived on, and they boycotted it. One word was changed, and a true line became false. Read every word before you mark the answer.
C. survey and settlement operations, which were held up, camps closed down, etc Correct. Survey and settlement operations recorded who held which land. The adivasis feared these records would go against their claims, so they held up the operations and closed down the camps.
D. collection of loans, rent, and cooperative dues, which were resisted Correct. Debt and rent tied adivasis to the dikus, the migrant traders and moneylenders who had settled in the region. The movement resisted the collection of loans, rent and cooperative dues as one more form of the same exploitation.
NCERT (2025-26): “Jharkhand … Within south Bihar, adivasis shared a common hatred of dikus – migrant traders and moneylenders who had settled in the area and grabbed its wealth, impoverishing the original residents. Most of the benefits from the mining and industrial projects in this mineral-rich region had gone to dikus even as adivasi lands had been alienated. Adivasi experiences of marginalisation and their sense of injustice were mobilised to create a shared Jharkhandi identity and inspire collective action that eventually led to the formation of a separate state.… …The issues against which the leaders of the movement in Jharkand agitated were:
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