Identify the statements which are TRUE for Harappan Archaeology.
(A) S.R. Rao begins excavations at Lothal.
(B) B.K. Thapar begins excavations at Kalibangan.
(C) G.F. Dales excavates at Harappa.
(D) M.S. Vats begins excavations at Harappa.
(E) B.B. Lal begins excavations at Dholavira.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (B), (D) only
(A) S.R. Rao begins excavations at Lothal. Correct. S.R. Rao began excavations at Lothal in 1955.
(B) B.K. Thapar begins excavations at Kalibangan. Correct. B.B. Lal and B.K. Thapar began excavations at Kalibangan in 1960.
(C) G.F. Dales excavates at Harappa. Incorrect. G.F. Dales is known for his re-examination of the evidence at Mohenjodaro, in “The Mythical Massacre at Mohenjodaro” (1964). The excavations at Harappa were begun in 1921 and continued by R.E.M. Wheeler in 1946.
(D) M.S. Vats begins excavations at Harappa. Correct. M.S. Vats began excavations at Harappa in 1921, the first of the excavations at the site.
(E) B.B. Lal begins excavations at Dholavira. Incorrect. Excavations at Dholavira were begun by R.S. Bisht in 1990; B.B. Lal began excavations at Kalibangan.
Note: The pre-rationalised NCERT and the 2023-24 NCERT name M.S. Vats as the one who began excavations at Harappa in 1921, while the NCERT book (2026-27) names Daya Ram Sahni for the same excavations of 1921. Statement (D) follows the older books; going by the NCERT book (2026-27), it would read ‘Daya Ram Sahni begins excavations at Harappa’. Both timelines are shown below.
NCERT: Themes in Indian History Part I — Chapter 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones (2026-27)
NCERT (Pre-rationalised):
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