According to Satish Saberwal the modern framework of change in Colonial India includes three aspects:
A. Globalisation
B. Modes of Communication
C. Forms of Organisation
D. Liberalisation
E. The Nature of Ideas
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → B, C and E only
A. Globalisation Incorrect. Globalisation, the growing interconnection of the world’s economies and cultures, belongs to India of the late twentieth century, not to Saberwal’s framework of change in colonial India.
B. Modes of Communication Correct. New technologies speeded up communication: the printing press, the telegraph and later the microphone, and the movement of people and goods by steamship and railways, helped new ideas move quickly.
C. Forms of Organisation Correct. Modern social organisations such as the Brahmo Samaj in Bengal and the Arya Samaj in Punjab were set up, and reformers debated through newspapers and journals as well as public meetings.
D. Liberalisation Incorrect. Liberalisation is the economic policy of removing government controls, followed in India since the 1990s. It has no place in the framework of change in colonial India.
E. The Nature of Ideas Correct. New ideas of liberalism and freedom, of homemaking and marriage, and new roles for mothers and daughters emerged; the value of education, including female education, was debated intensely.
NCERT (2025-26): “2.1 Social reform movements in the 19th and early 20th century … Sociologist Satish Saberwal elaborates upon the modern context by sketching three aspects to the modern framework of change in colonial India:
New technologies speeded up various forms of communication. The printing press, telegraph, and later the microphone, movement of people and goods through steamship and railways helped quick movement of new ideas.…” “2.1 Social reform movements in the 19th and early 20th century … Modern social organisations like the Brahmo Samaj in Bengal and Arya Samaj in Punjab were set up. The All-India Muslim Ladies Conference (AnjumanE-Khawatn-E-Islam) was founded in 1914. Indian reformers debated not just in public meetings but through public media like newspapers and journals.…” “2.1 Social reform movements in the 19th and early 20th century … New ideas of liberalism and freedom, new ideas of homemaking and marriage, new roles for mothers and daughters, new ideas of self-conscious pride in culture and tradition emerged.…” |