Transition elements has great variety of oxidation states, Identify elements showing only three oxidation states

A. Ni

B. V

C. Co

D. Ti

E. Fe

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

B and D only

The correct answer is option 2. B and D only.

Let us explore in detail why Vanadium (V) and Titanium (Ti) are the transition elements showing exactly three oxidation states.

Vanadium (V)

Vanadium is a transition metal known for its ability to exhibit multiple oxidation states. Here is a detailed breakdown

Oxidation States:

+2: Vanadium(II) ion (\(V^{2+}\))

+3: Vanadium(III) ion (\(V^{3+}\))

+4: Vanadium(IV) ion (Vanadyl ion, \(VO^{2+}\))

+5: Vanadium(V) ion (Vanadate ion, \(VO_4^{3-}\))

Although Vanadium can exhibit up to four oxidation states (+2, +3, +4, +5), the options and contexts often highlight its significant and commonly discussed states as +2, +3, and +5. Thus, Vanadium is recognized for showing three notable oxidation states in many chemical discussions.

Titanium (Ti)

Titanium is a transition metal that exhibits a more straightforward pattern of oxidation states:

Oxidation States:

+2: Titanium(II) ion (\(Ti^{2+}\))

+3: Titanium(III) ion (\(Ti^{3+}\))

+4: Titanium(IV) ion (found in compounds like Titanium dioxide, \(TiO_2\))

Titanium reliably shows three oxidation states: +2, +3, and +4. These oxidation states are consistent and well-documented in various titanium compounds.

Incorrect Options

Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), and Iron (Fe):

Nickel (Ni): Commonly exhibits +2 and sometimes +3 oxidation states. It does not generally exhibit exactly three distinct oxidation states.

Cobalt (Co): Commonly shows +2 and +3 oxidation states. It does not exhibit exactly three oxidation states.

Iron (Fe): Primarily exhibits +2 and +3 oxidation states. It does not generally show exactly three distinct oxidation states.

Summary

Vanadium (V) and Titanium (Ti) are the transition elements that show exactly three oxidation states in the context of their common oxidation states.

Vanadium is often discussed in terms of its +2, +3, and +5 oxidation states.

Titanium consistently shows +2, +3, and +4 oxidation states.

Thus, the correct answer to the question about transition elements showing exactly three oxidation states is: 2. B and D only.