Which one of the following is an economic factor influencing the distribution of population?

Minerals

The correct answer is Option (2) → Minerals

Minerals play a significant role in the economic development of regions and can attract or influence the distribution of population due to job opportunities, industrial development, and related economic activities associated with mineral resources.

Other factors listed (availability of water, landforms, and climate) also influence population distribution but are  associated with environmental and geographic considerations.