Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:

Renewable energy is becoming an increasingly important part of the global effort to combat climate change. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and release harmful greenhouse gases when burned, renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Countries around the world are investing in these technologies to reduce their carbon footprints and secure a cleaner future.

One of the most significant advantages of renewable energy is its ability to provide energy security. Since these resources are naturally replenished, they do not run out. Solar panels, for example, can harness the energy of the sun indefinitely, while wind turbines generate power using the natural movement of air. Similarly, hydropower systems use the flow of water to produce electricity.

However, the adoption of renewable energy is not without challenges. The initial cost of setting up a renewable energy infrastructure is high, and some technologies, like solar and wind, depend on weather conditions. Despite these hurdles, advancements in technology are making renewable energy more affordable and efficient.

India, for example, is rapidly expanding its renewable energy capacity. With initiatives like the International Solar Alliance, the country is leading global efforts to harness the power of the sun. By investing in renewables, nations do not only address environmental concerns but also create jobs and drive economic growth.

People must embrace sustainable practices, such as using energy-efficient appliances and conserving resources. Such collective efforts, paired with technological innovation, can pave the way for a brighter and cleaner future for generations to come.

The shift towards renewable energy is essential for ______.

ensuring energy security and sustainability

The correct answer is Option (4) → ensuring energy security and sustainability

The passage highlights that renewable energy is crucial because it is environmentally friendly, sustainable, and helps provide energy security. It also mentions that these sources are naturally replenished and can reduce dependence on fossil fuels. It contrasts renewable energy with fossil fuels, which are "finite" and "release harmful greenhouse gases," emphasizing the need for a more secure and sustainable alternative.